Color Contrast and Accessibility: WCAG Basics

Why contrast matters for readability and accessibility, how WCAG levels work, and how to use our color and contrast tools.

Published 2025-03-01. From the Vastorae team.

Why contrast matters

Text that doesn’t contrast enough with its background is hard to read for everyone and can make content unusable for people with low vision or certain types of colour blindness. Accessibility guidelines (like WCAG) set minimum contrast ratios for text and UI.

Contrast ratio is the relative luminance of the brighter colour divided by the darker (e.g. 4.5:1 for normal text at AA level). Higher is better; 7:1 or more is AAA for normal text.

WCAG levels (AA and AAA)

WCAG 2.x defines AA (minimum) and AAA (enhanced). For normal text, AA usually means at least 4.5:1 contrast; AAA means 7:1. Large text has lower requirements. Our contrast checker shows pass/fail for AA and AAA so you can adjust colours until they meet the level you need.

Colour isn’t the only requirement (e.g. focus states, not relying on colour alone), but contrast is a big part of making text readable.

Colour formats

Colours are often specified as hex (#RRGGBB), RGB, or HSL. Design tools and code use different formats. Our colour converter lets you enter a value in one format and see the others—useful when copying between tools or matching a brand colour.

Tools to use

Use the Contrast Checker to test foreground/background pairs for AA/AAA. Use the Color Converter to switch between hex, RGB, HSL, and other formats. Both run in the browser.

FAQ

Do I need AAA?
AA is the usual target for compliance. AAA is stricter and better for low vision; aim for it where you can.
What if my brand colour fails?
Adjust the other colour (e.g. text or background), use a bolder or lighter shade, or use the colour only for non-essential elements.

Related tools

Browse Color Tools